Design and Validation of an Instructional Design Model for Reflection-Based Learning Environments 

Design and Validation of an Instructional Design Model for Reflection-Based Learning Environments   E. Azimi, Ph.D.* J. Haatami, Ph.D.** H. FarDaanesh, Ph.D.*** O. Noroozi, Ph.D.****   Reflection on teaching is a known method of learning to teach. Reflection is a form of thinking wherein improvement is sought through self-observation. Recent approaches to teaching practicums have gravitated towards reflective ones. However, there are no exact models for the design and implementation of reflection-based practicum. In this study with a social constructivist perspective, the validity of one such model is explored. The basic elements of the instructional situation, i.e. conditions, methods, and results, along with the implementation stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation constitute the chosen model. A group of 5 educational technologists initially studied the model from an instructional design perspective. Then a group of 4 teacher educators, as users of the model, were asked to design a sample teaching situation using the given model. The feedback given by the two groups was used to improve the model in four rounds of validation. The final version of the model gained an approval measure of %88 by the two groups. Keywords: reflection, practicum, instructional design, learning environment design, teaching methods, internal validation  _______________________ Date received: May 28, 2018                   Date accepted: Sep. 9, 2018 * Ph.D. in Educational Technology, Department of Education, Tarbiyat Modares University, (corresponding author) [email protected] ** Associate Professor of Educational Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiyat Modares University. [email protected] *** Associate Professor of Educational Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiyat Modares University. [email protected] **** Assistant Professor of Educational Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiyat Modares University. [email protected]